1、 Steel structure residence and its development

Because of its light weight, good anti-seismic performance and recyclable utilization, steel structure residence is convenient for modular design, standardized production, series production and assembly construction, and it is easy to form green ecological residence with assembly integration.As early as the last century, it has been popular in the United Kingdom, Italy and the United States and other countries. Because of its own advantages, the construction industry has undergone a large-scale, unprecedented change. Since then, steel structure housing officially entered the international market, and has been better developed in various countries.  　　

2、 Characteristics of steel structure residence　　

1. Steel structure residence has light weight and good seismic performance 　　

 Like wood structure, reinforced concrete structure and masonry structure, steel structure residence also belongs to residential building category.The framework of steel structure residence is steel column and steel beam, and it is made of high strength, heat insulation, heat preservation and light wall.Compared with other building structures, the steel structure has advantages in weight, which is 1 / 3 of the residential buildings with the same area.Moreover, because of the strong ductility of steel, it has excellent seismic performance. Therefore, most of these residential structures are used in high-rise buildings.  　　

2. Steel structure building covers a small area and has a good sense of space 　　

 With the development of the times, many new products appear day by day, bringing more development opportunities to investors.Some people think that the use value of open space is higher.This is mainly because of the scarcity of land resources, which makes many houses or buildings pay more attention to the flexible use of space.Therefore, investors must consider not only rational investment, reducing land occupation, but also giving full play to the freedom and flexibility of space to create a comfortable environment for users. 　　

3. The comprehensive benefit of steel structure residence is higher than that of traditional housing system

 Three dimensional steel structure residence

 According to statistics, in the total cost of materials, the proportion of steel and concrete is very low, often less than 10%. Therefore, there is no significant impact on the overall cost of the building.However, from the perspective of increasing space freedom and flexibility, saving space and return on investment, the use of concrete and steel will effectively reduce the overall cost of the project.For investors, long-term profit is the driving force for them to decide to invest in a project. After the implementation, they always hope to recover the cost quickly so as to avoid losses. In addition, steel structure residential buildings have great advantages in terms of cost and construction period, which can speed up the flow of capital. Although the construction market is constantly changing and the competition is very fierce, it is unnecessaryIt is doubtful that the steel structure residence still has a good development prospect.　　

4. Steel structure building is favored for its unique resources and environmental protection advantages 　　

 In terms of environmental protection and resources, construction projects consume and occupy a great deal of resources.According to the statistics of relevant departments, the total consumption of steel accounts for 20% and cement accounts for 17.6% of the total annual consumption; moreover, in the residential construction, it also consumes 32% of water resources and 30% of the built-up land.In the specific construction link, because the light steel structure does not need to consume water resources in operation, it can save at least one billion tons of water every year, which not only reduces the consumption of water resources, but also responds to the strategic goal of “low carbon and environmental protection” advocated by the state.Steel structure construction site operation is small, no noise, no pollution to the surrounding environment.It can reduce the load of the building on the environment (the overall environment and surrounding environment), save energy and resource consumption to a great extent from technology, and provide safe, healthy, efficient and comfortable living space;In the whole life cycle of the building, it can save resources and energy, protect the environment and reduce pollution to a great extent, so as to achieve the affinity with the natural environment and achieve the harmonious coexistence of people, buildings and environment.In a word, the steel structure residence is basically in line with: four saving and one environmental protection, that is, “energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving and environmental protection”.　　

 5.Steel structure residence meets the requirements of housing industrialization and sustainable developmen 　　

 It is suitable for mass production in factories with high degree of industrialization and commercialization.It will be energy-saving, waterproof, heat insulation and other advanced products together, to achieve a comprehensive set of applications, design, production, construction and installation integration, improve the level of housing industrialization.With the development of urban construction, a large number of old buildings need to be demolished in urban reconstruction, steel structure demolition is easier to implement, steel recycling rate is high, demolition cost is low, pollution is small, in line with the requirements of sustainable development. 　　

3、 Present situation and problems of industrialization development of steel structure residence in China 　　

 The so-called housing industrialization, from a professional point of view, is to take housing as a final product, so as to realize a series of dynamic processes such as housing service socialization, business integration, construction industrialization and standardization, which belongs to the category of socialized mass production.Its remarkable characteristics are as follows: first, socialization of operation and production, taking the law of market economy as the link, providing excellent residential goods and services for users as the goal, and forming a complete industrial system of residential services, maintenance and management, supply, production, commodity development, construction and related links.Second, construction industrialization is a comprehensive embodiment of modern management level and construction technology. It should also include scientific organization and management, mechanization of housing construction, factory production of goods, etc. through large-scale production of housing related products, the economic benefits of investors can be improved and the consumption demand of customers can be met.Third, housing involves standardization, which is generally reflected in the rationalization, serialization and generalization of residential commodity and building system.At present, in the process of promoting steel structure housing in China, there are several problems as follows: firstly, the link between design and R & D is not smooth, and enterprises have not established a sound and reasonable industrial chain.Secondly, the products lack of supporting system. In steel structure residence, the proportion of wall technology and related products is only 20% – 30%.After a long time, the market is not perfect, preferential policies are not in place, and the construction cost is high, which affects the enthusiasm of construction developers.　　

4、 Steel structure residence will develop towards sustainable building　　

 The emergence of sustainable architecture not only actively responds to the “environmental protection” requirements advocated by the state, but also fully meets the needs of contemporary and future generations, and has made outstanding contributions to the sustainable development of human beings.Sustainable architecture comprehensively considers the impact and adverse consequences caused by architecture, and considers that architecture can be ecological and energy-saving, not something imposed by human beings on the earth.The specific development direction is as follows:

 1.Saving measures　　

 To improve the thermal performance of traditional buildings, the use of renewable energy, clean energy, lighting and ventilation, the use of efficient lighting methods, merchants or ordinary people are strictly prohibited to use incandescent lamps and other lighting equipment; in the use of materials, local materials, recycled old building materials and energy-saving building materials can be fully used; large-scale water-saving equipment is introduced, and through the Reduce the amount of concrete and other materials, reduce the overall water consumption of the project.Steel structure has the characteristics of renewable, recyclable, remodeleble and so on, and its supporting construction (such as interior decoration materials, doors and windows, stairs, wall panels and floors) also needs to have the above characteristics. In this way, it can not only be recycled, but also prolong the service life of the residence.　　

 2.Ecological measures　　

 After treatment, the wastewater is reused and rainwater is collected as the water source consumption in the project, and solar energy is installed on the roof to save electric energy.Starting from the structure and composition of soil, this paper explores the local wind energy resources, light energy resources, animal and plant resources, soil erosion, groundwater and slope, and uses reasonable equipment and means to improve the micro environment. 　　

3.Humanized measures 　　

 Provide high quality landscape environment and humidity environment, strengthen the construction of ventilation system and natural lighting system.Green and environment-friendly building materials are adopted to ensure the health of residents, and safety factors are taken as the core of the whole design process.In addition, we should also achieve “low noise” decoration to avoid affecting the rest and mood of neighbors due to the decoration of residents.The existing solutions include the following aspects: providing hardbound commercial housing, but the taste and quality may not meet the requirements of the owners, and re decoration is inevitable, which can be solved by controlling the noise transmission channels and sources.It is also possible to install sound insulation board between the wall panel and the floor to achieve “low noise decoration”. Although it can not be completely eliminated, it can completely realize “no disturbing the residents”.Many researchers have also carried out a lot of practice and research activities, using large Bay residential style to achieve “silent decoration” or “low noise decoration”. 　　

 4.Harmless measures　　

 Use clean and environment-friendly energy.It is necessary to eliminate the adverse effects caused by the construction and design environment as far as possible, reasonably arrange the water system, animal and vegetation system in the site, reduce the use of large machinery and equipment, and design semi underground or underground earth covered buildings.　　

5.Intensive measures 　　

 Establish a sound and standardized cycle cost budget system.The original price and operation consumption of various building elements are calculated.Architects work with architects, owners, physicists, computing experts, and equipment experts to advance the design.Through the intelligent and scientific management of transportation, security, fire protection, sanitation, water supply and drainage, air conditioning and store equipment, a safe, waste free, energy-saving and low-carbon ecological environment will be formed.In addition, in promoting sustainable building, it should be based on China’s national conditions, not blindly refer to the standards of other countries, should be in line with the reality.In addition, sustainable architecture involves many disciplines, and its theory and technology are strong, which requires the cooperation and cooperation of many professional technicians.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the exploration of it and improve the knowledge and cultivation of technical personnel fundamentally.